Stone Age for NET /SET

Paleolithic Phase: ( Upto 9000 BC)

* The  paleolithic site are spread in practically  all parts of India except the Alluvial Plain of the Indus and Ganga.

* This age were food gathering people. 

* Hunting  and Gathering wild fruits and vegetables. 

* Tools- unpolished, undressed rough stone. Hand axe, cleavers, choppers, blades, scrapers and burins. Tools were made of hard rock called Quartzite. Paleolithic men are called Quartzite Man.

* lived in cave and rock shelters.

* No knowledge of agriculture, fire, pottery and any metal.

* Earliest human evidence has been found in Punjab. Bhimbedka is well known for series of rock painting.     

Paleolithic age are devide in to three part- 

1. The Lower Paleolithic age 

2. The Middle Paleolithic age

3. The Upper Paleolithic age.

Middle Paleolithic Phase:

1. Flake ( levallous Technique). Quartzite, 

2. Scrapers , borers, blade, points like tools. 

3. Hunting & Food gathering. Nevasan industry(Maharastra).

Upper Paleolithic Phase:

1. New flint industries, Chert, Jasper.

2. Homo Sapience , hunting & food gathering. 

3. Parallel-Side Blades,  Burins, Scraper & use Bone tools Begins. Bone tools found Kurnool and Andhra Pradesh.

4. Cave and rock shelters. Use by human discovered at Bhimbetka. 

5. Animal remains found Belan Valley (U.P). goats, sheep, and cattle were exploited.

Mesolithic Age:(9000-4000 BC)

1. Climate warm and dry.

2. Intermediate Stage in Stone Age.

3. Hunting, fishing, food gathering, fish catchers and some small-scale agriculture.

4. Domesticated animals and practised some sort of Primitive agriculture. some element of food producing. 

5. Characteristic tools of the mesolithic age are microliths. Such as blade, core, point, triangle, lunate and trapeze.

6. painting and engravings found at Bhimbetka, Adamgarh (M.P), Pratapgarh & Mirzapur.

7. Earliest evidence for domestication of animals like cow, horse etc.  provided by Adamgarh & Bagore (Rajasthan).

8. Burial practice . no evidence of helmet. Ex-Isampur Microlithic Industry.

9. Fluting . The tools were Geometrical in shape ( Tringle). stone used Agate. 

10. Pottery is present Langhnaj (Gujrat) and Mirzapur (UP).

Neolithic Age:

1. Weapons and tools are Sharper, polished and refined. 

2. Control over the supply of food.

3. Cultivated and breed animals.

4. The age was still called barbaric age.

4. Spinning wheel, use of pottery, cotton woven.

6. A large humber of flint arrow, heads, bone harpoons, blades, sickless are found.

7. Regular Agriculture. could spin cotton and wool and weave cloth.

8. The granaries or stone house for keeping wheat are also found. circular and rectangular house made of mud and reed.

9. Dyke, Dolomite and Basalt stone used. Polishing Grinding Pottery.

10. making of the wheel and discovery of fire.

11. Mehrgarh (Baluchistan) is the oldest Neolithic site in Indian sub continent.